See how the possessive case and the preposition "of" work in English. The construction is parallel to the English "I accuse you of treason." accuso te maiestatis. The most common are verbs of convicting, accusing and punishing. The genitive case is most familiar to English speakers as the case that expresses possession: "my hat" or "Harry's house." In Latin it is used to indicate any number of relationships that are most frequently and easily translated into English by the preposition "of": "love of god", "the driver of the bus," the "state of the union," "the son of god." The genitive case in Latin is also used adverbially with certain verbs. See the subject case in English, which is similar to the Latin nominative case. The subject is the person or thing about which the predicate makes a statement, and the name, "nominative," means "pertaining to the person or thing designated." In Latin the subject does not always need to be expressed because it can be indicated by the person and number of the verb. The nominative case is the case for the subject of the sentence. The basic descriptions that follow are also found on the pages introducing the more detailed descriptions of the cases, which you may reach by clicking the case names in the prior sentence. There are 6 distinct cases in Latin: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, and Vocative and there are vestiges of a seventh, the Locative. What are the formal markers for English? Here are some reflections on how cases in general relate to meaning in a sentence. The vocative case calls someone or something by name to get some attention.Case refers to the formal markers (in Latin they are endings added to the stem of a noun or adjective) that tell you how a noun or adjective is to be construed in relationship to other words in the sentence. Means: saxis se defendunt Ĭause: amore periit Manner: summa (cum) celeritate venit Ĭircumstance: te duce vincemus Īgent: ab his laudatur Quid mollius unda? ĭescription: vir magna virtute The noun which is directly affected by the action of a verb is put into the accusative case - the "direct object"ĭominatione liberatus Quintia formosa est multis ĩ) abstract nouns in the dative showing that which a thing serves for. Hoc mihi faciendum est ĥ) to indicate the person interested in the action So the form would be "puellae".Ģ) to indicate the person to whose advantage or disadvantage something is done.ģ) to indicate possession with the verb 'to be' In Latin, the word for "girl (puella)" would be in the dative case. (English can indicate this function by putting the indirect object before the direct object. The dative case shows that a noun is indirectly affected by the action of the sentence - the "indirect object". Vir magnae sapientiae Ĩ) Many verbs and adjectives require the genitive case: Memor nostri įilia eximiae pulchritudinis The genitive case generally denotes the idea "belonging to" and origin. What would you answer? "Me too." or "You too."Ī noun in the nominative case is often the subject of a verb. The words "he" and "they" change their forms as their grammatical function in the sentence changes. The different grammatical functions a word can have in a sentence is called "case". The endings of the singular genitive case of these declensions are: 1) " -ae", 2) " -i", 3) " -is", 4) " -us", 5) " -ei". There are five declensions for Latin nouns. 6 "cases" : nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative or vocative. 3 "genders" : masculine, feminine, or neuter,
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